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Objective@#To understand the epidemic trend of tobacco use among junior middle school students in Shunyi District of Beijing in recent 5 years, and to provide scientific basis for formulating adolescent tobacco control strategies and intervention measures.@*Methods@#The two stage sampling method was used to survey 3 junior middle school schools randomly selected from Shunyi District, Beijing, in November 2013, December 2015 and November 2017. The number of students surveyed each year was 1 520, 1 404 and 1 467 respectively.@*Results@#A total of 4 500 questionnaires were distributed and 4 391 questionnaires were valid, with an effective rate of 97.6%. The current smoking rate and the attempting smoking rate in Shunyi District junior high school students increased substantially, the difference was statistically significant(χ2=9.15, 11.54, P<0.01). The exposure rate of second-hand smoke among junior high school students in Shunyi District is increasing year by year. The current smoking rate and the attempting smoking rate of second-hand smoke at home and in public places were higher than those of non-exposed ones. The differences in the current smoking rates of junior high school students (χ2=25.86, 37.61, P<0.01) and the attempting smoking rate (χ2=49.51, 63-86, P<0.01) were statistically significant. The influence of Shunyi District junior high school students through different tobacco information access channels on the current smoking rate of junior high school students increased year by year. Different tobacco information access channels have significant difference in the influence of the junior middle school students’ attempting smoking rate(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The overall tobacco use of junior high school students in Shunyi District of Beijing is increasing by year. The exposure of second-hand smoke is not optimistic, and the supervision of tobacco information acquisition channels is urgent to be strengthened.
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Local policy innovation is a distinct feature in the arena of public administration in China. Previous researches concerned with local policy innovation experience and policy introduction, but they pay little attention to the failure of policy innovations and their termination. This paper uses the theory and concept of public policy process to analyze the reasons for the quick termination process and its mechanism taking healthcare policy as a case study in Chongqing city. It concludes that relative policy strategy is closed in decision-making. The strategy of some special policy target groups as well as the mutual agitation between public and media agenda are the main reasons for the rap-id end of policy innovation. This study is helpful to understand the factors and logic mechanism of the quick termina-tion of local policy innovation as a special type of public policy change which is termed as short-lived and make more scientific healthcare policy decision making and reform in China.
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Objective To analyze the relevance between the point-of-care testing (POCT) and routine test in BNP testing .Meth-ods The whole blood samples or plasma samples from 40 inpatients were detected brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) by the Alere Triage? MeterPro fluorescence immunoassay analyzer (POCT ) or the Beckman Coulter Access ?2 chemiluminescence analyzer (routine test) ,respectively .The acquired data were subjected to comparative analysis according to the CLCS EP 9-A2 .Results The linear regression of the BNP content in the blood samples detected by POCT and the routine test was good ,the correlation coeffi-cient(r) was 0 .999 7 .Conclusion POCT and the routine test have good correlation in BNP testing .POCT for BNP testing has higher reliability and is applicable for clinical detection .
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OBJECTIVE@#The large sample retrospective cohort study were used to compare the diagnostic efficiency of PET/CT with conventional work-up (CWU) for evaluating nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) distant metastasis.@*METHOD@#Five hundred and fourteen patients with NPC were divided into PET/CT group and CWU group according the method of detecting distant metastasis. Chest film, abdominal ultrasonography, and bone scan were used in CWU group. Then the diagnostic efficiency of the two groups was compared.@*RESULT@#Two hundred and sixteen patints were enrolled in PET/CT group and two hundred and nineteen-eight ones in CWU group. There were 28 out of 412 suspicious patients in CWU group were confirmed, another 3 patients confirmed without positive findings, compared with PET/CT group that all 32 suspicious patients were confirmed. The sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT were 100.0% (32/32) and 100.0% (184/184), as compared to 90.3% (28/31) and 94.8% (253/267) with CWU respectively, while there was no statistical significance. Further research found out that the percentage of patients with multiple distant metastatic sites and multiple organ metastases was higher in PET/CT group (P < 0.05), and similarly of patients with distant metastasis in N2-3 stages (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Our results suggest that PET/CT appears to be slightly superior to conventional work-up in assessment of distant metastasis in NPC patients, but CWU is still a cheap and practical method.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma , Cohort Studies , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Positron-Emission Tomography , Methods , Radiopharmaceuticals , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Objective:To explore whether lipopolysaccharide regulate TNF-? expression in cytotrophoblasts.Methods:Cytotrophoblasts were obtained from the villous tissues of normal abortions and cultured in serum-free FD medium.Lipopolysaccharide was added into the culture at concentrations of 0,25,50,100 and 200 ng/ml respectively.Levels of TNF-? were detected with confocal immunofluorescence technique and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Both confocal immunofluorescence technique and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed that lipopolysaccharide promoted TNF-? expression in cytotrophoblasts. TNF-? levels in the medium with LPS at the concentrations above were(179.95?35.58),(334.75?74.09),(390.36?79.14),(447.72?27.81) and(482.37?39.14) pg/ml,respectively.The differences of TNF-? levels in the medium had statistical meanings and the value of P was less than 0.01.Conclusion:Lipopolysaccharide can induce TNF-? expression in cytotrophoblasts.